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Přihlášení
2/2014
Change in land use in Myslavský creek catchment, Slovakia
Martina Zeleňáková, Maria Manuela Portela
Abstract
An accurate estimate of runoff from rain and snowmelt is one of the most important elements of the flood forecast process. It is important for flood control channel construction and for possible flood zone hazard delineation. A high runoff coefficient (C) value may indicate flash flooding areas during storms as water moves fast overland on its way to a river channel or a valley floor. It is measured by determining the soil type, gradient, permeability and land use.
The task of this work was to analyze the drainage conditions of river basin Myslavský creek. Drainage conditions of the reference area were compared on the basis of two time periods, for year 1980 and for 2009. Two maps of land use area were processed for the both years. Total runoff coefficients were calculated based on processed maps, which differed, because in 1980 the territory was not so built as currently. In the past, rainwater has infiltrated from the earth's surface directly into the soil, so as not to large flooded area had occurred. Today the situation is different, because in 30 years the enormously increased number of built and paved areas and all rainwater is collected and discharged through rainwater drainage discharges into the watercourse Myslavský creek. Given that the study area is almost all rainwater drained into the Myslavský creek, as well as rainwater from selected objects, increases the flow in Myslavský creek, and thus its flow capacity for amount of drained rainwater is poor.
Key words: urban area, runoff coefficient, land-use, water stream, floods
original research paper
Measuring recreation benefits of forest quality change with contingent behavior model
Jan Melichar
Abstract
The paper presents a travel cost study which was conducted for the purpose of estimating a recreation value to the Jizerske hory Mountains in the Czech Republic. The value of forest recreation was derived using a single site travel cost model with count data models. The welfare change of recreation users associated with forest quality change was estimated using contingent behavior model, which relies on both observed behaviors and stated behaviors of visitors. Both actual trips and intended trips were pooled under the hypothetical scenario to estimate the value of forest quality change. Relevant information about visitors, their actual trip and recreation attitudes was gathered through an on-site survey in 2005. A total of 312 questionnaires were completed. The consumer surplus per trip to the site under the current conditions was about 713 CZK using Poisson model, 2,168 (negative binomial) and 2,248 CZK (generalized negative binomial). There was significant evidence of overdispersion that is why the negative binomial regression model was preferred to the Poisson model. The decrease in the welfare change in the access value associated with the impacts of air pollution on the quality of forest ecosystems was estimated at 462 CZK for one trip.
Key words: recreation demand, travel cost method, welfare change, on-site sampling
original research paper
Design of various alternatives for the wetland revitalization
Vlasta Ondrejka Harbuľáková, Martina Zeleňáková
Abstract
Wetlands have unique plant communities that provide valuable wildlife habitat that is result of prevalent water. Because of hydrologic characteristics, water quality, habitat and biodiversity values of wetlands, efforts to manage, protect, and restore them have become paramount today.
The aim of paper is to point the attention to the existence of wetlands as ecosystems of degraded habitats, their importance and function as an environmental factor. Paper deals with methods of wetland revitalization which are the foundation for choosing the most suitable methodology for its application at the selected area. Three alternatives were prepared for revitalisation of Čičky - locally important wetland near Košice city. The result is a plan for the restoration of the wetland area with respect to preservation of ecological stability.
Key words: ecological stability, recultivation, wetland Čičky
original research paper
Rajecka Dolina recreational landscape potential
Katarina Pavlickova, Monika Vyskupova, Erika Igondova
Abstract
The evaluation of recreational landscape potential of chosen territory is based on a combination of several methodologies of recreational potential evaluation, landscape stability evaluation and determination of the most important environmental values. Integral parts of this method are basic analytical characteristics such as abiotic, biotic, socio-economic and cultural values of the territory and a map of current landscape structure. These data are processed into spatial relations and the calculation coefficients of ecological stability. The most important positive and negative features and components with major ecological values are determined. Finally, the recent state of the recreational potential is discussed with a respect of landscape ecological values of chosen territory and the potential development possibilities for local recreation are suggested. Rajecka dolina was chosen as a model area for this research.
Key words: landscape potential, landscape structure, stability, ecological values
original research paper
High mountain landscape environment and it´s vulnerability for tourist activities on the selected area of Vysoké Tatry Mts.
Martin Boltižiar, Eva Michaeli, Monika Ivanová, Vladimír Solár
Abstract
The paper presents results of the landscape-ecological research, which has been realizated in 2000-2014. The Velická valley situated in the southern part of Vysoké Tatry Mts was chosen for study area as it represents a suitable model area of alpine zone. The main aim of the research was the mapping and evaluation of the actual state of the landscape components and elements of the area with low impact on the landscape. Further on the basis of biotic and abiotic factors assess the level of the vulnerability resistance to a set of the destructive processes. Although there are current studies dealing with abiotic and biotic components of the high mountain landscape in the Vysoké Tatry Mts none of those presents the detailed and complex study at such a large scale as 1:10 000, as is presented in this paper.
Key words: vulnerability, tourist activities, high-mountan, lanscape, Vysoké Tatry Mts.
original research paper
Land-use of recreational high mountain landscape in Tatra National Park within the last six decades (case study from Belianske Tatry MTS., Slovakia)
Martin Boltižiar, Eva Michaeli, Monika Ivanová, Vladimír Solár
Abstract
The paper is focused on mapping, analyse and evaluation of the landscape structure changes in high-mountain environment within 50 year time period, with a special respect on subalpine and alpine belt of the selected part of the Predné Meďodoly valley in the Belianske Tatry Mts., belonging to the Tatra National Park. The territory was strongly influenced by humans till 1954, especially by means of cattle and sheep grazing and also toutists activities. The aim was to record changes in the landscape in two time series, starting since the year 1949 and 2013, as well as to evaluate them qualitatively and quantitatively. Another aim was to analyse causes of these changes with the exploration of human and natural factors as well. For this purpose a set of aerial photographs scanning the study area, namely from the year 1949 and 2013, was used and processed by GIS tools. The map outputs were processed digitally in vector format at the large-scale 1:1500.
Key words: landscape changes, tourist activities, high-mountan landscape, Belianske Tatry Mts.
original research paper
Slovak – Hungarian World Heritage Sites and their potential for ecotourism
Ivan Vološčuk
Abstract
The Slovak Karst National Park and Hungarian Aggtelek National Park are part of the largest karst region in Central Europe. Since 1995 the Caves of Slovak Karst and Aggtelek Karst have been included to the UNESCO´s World Herigate List. For ecological and environmental tourism are used mostly the caves, but the karstic landscape is also very siutable for ecotourism development. The landscape of the Slovak Karst National Park is interesting not only by its remarkable natural formations, but also by the abundance of its material evidence of man´s activity, such as monuments of architecture, popular building and fine art. Tourism development and visitor activities associated with World Heritage Properties should always contribute to the protection, conservation, presentation and transmission of their heritage values and should contribute to local community empowerment and socio-economic development in an effective and equal manner. Effective ecotourism planning and management, including cooperative partnerships, should be an integral aspect of the site management system.
Key words: ecotourism, Slovak Karst, Aggtelek Karst, caves, national park, World heritage
original research paper
The spatial dimensions of the quality of life in the southwest Slovakia
(case study of Dolne Poiplie region)
Andrea Jakubcová, Henrich Grežo, František Petrovič
Abstact
The term “quality of life” includes various scientific approaches and interdisciplinary points of view. In the context of multidimensional conception it is necessary to set apart the objective dimension of the quality of life which can be quantified by the means of precisely defined output indicators. In this paper we aim to show how the needs, services, opportunities etc. of living standard impact the living standard in the specific Slovak rural region. 7 cadastral territories (6 municipalities) were chosen as the area of interest and we tried to conclude (by applying special statistical methods and their graphical, or rather geographical, visualizations) how these municipalities relate to (certain) selected indicators and how they relate to each other spatially. These graphical results were used to propose a new regionalization map of the territory in which municipalities do or don't have spatial relation to each other. In the end we focused - by the means of factual arrangements - on creating specific targets that should necessarily be exercised in the chosen rural area.
Key words: Slovak rural area, quality of life, spatial dimension, Dolné Poiplie region
original research paper
Hydraulic model for determination of flood hazard area
Vlasta Ondrejka Harbuľáková, Alena Hudáková
Abstract
Floods are among the most frequent and costly natural disasters. Conditions that cause floods include heavy or steady rain for several hours or days that saturate the ground. Flash floods occur suddenly due to rapidly rising water along a stream or low-lying area. Currently, the use of mathematical, hydrology, hydraulic models and geographic information systems in flood risk management give the current level of total tool for the evaluation of the flood risk zones. The aim of the deployment of these resources is especially accelerate the treatment process of risk analysis floodplains, minimizing the need to bring local investigation, creation of flood hazard and risk maps.
The HEC-RAS system contains four one-dimensional river analysis components for: steady flow water surface profile computations; unsteady flow simulation; movable boundary sediment transport computations; and water quality analysis. Output from software HEC-RAS is input for flood map creation. Selected river basin was part of Latorica river (flows at eastern part of Slovakia) and calculation were done for various return period of water flow.
Key words: flood, HEC-RAS, flood maps modeling
Financial Analysis of National Parks´ Administrations
David Březina, Petra Hlaváčková
Abstract
There are four national parks in the Czech Republic - Šumava Mountains National Park and Protected Landscape, The Krkonoše Mountains National Park, and Podyjí National Park. These entities are state-funded organizations. Then there is the National Park Bohemian Switzerland which is a state organizational unit. National parks have been created by the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic (MoE), their purpose is to administer the protected areas. The Ministry of the Environment annually spends substantial amounts on operation, administration, and maintenance of these organizations. Financial analysis, as one of the methodological instruments, can therefore help in monitoring the important capital information. The performed financial analysis was focused on aggregation of financial statement-based (balance sheet, profit and loss statement) indicators from 2010 - 2012. The financial analysis methods included analysis of differential indicators (net working capital) and analysis of selected ratios (economic activity, liquidity, and debt). The authors applied basic elemental characteristics of time series on the selected financial statement-based economic indicators, which represented an important basis for calculations, as well as on the resulting financial analysis indicators. The aim of the paper is to evaluate and compare the obtained indicators with the results of financial analyses performed in previous years.
Key words: differential indicators, economics, financial analysis, national park, ratios,time series
original research paper
A tool for computing diversity and consideration on differences between diversity indices
Ciprian Palaghianu
Abstract
Diversity represents a key concept in ecology, and there are various methods of assessing it. The multitude of diversity indices are quite puzzling and sometimes difficult to compute for a large volume of data. This paper promotes a computational tool used to assess the diversity of different entities. The BIODIV software is a user-friendly tool, developed using Microsoft Visual Basic. It is capable to compute several diversity indices such as: Shannon, Simpson, Pielou, Brillouin, Berger-Parker, McIntosh, Margalef, Menhinick and Gleason. The software tool was tested using real data sets and the results were analysed in order to make assumption on the indices behaviour. The results showed a clear segregation of indices in two major groups with similar expressivity.
Key words: heterogeneity, assessing diversity, Shannon index, Simpson index, Menhinick index
original research paper
Technologies for the reinforcement of forest timber hauling roads
Petr Hruza
Abstract
The reinforcement of foresttimber hauling roads is a broad issue that includes many different solutions. All of them need to respect thefact that timber transport puts the maximum allowable pressure on the axles of the design vehicle as well as on the surface of forest roads. Also the economic aspect of the solution is emphasised as forest roads are roads with a low intensity of transport. Therefore, a suitable solution forforest road reinforcement must incorporate both of these opposing requirements. It means a forest road is to be constructed so that it is economically acceptable in direct proportion with the revenues and costs of forest management and, at the same time, meets the qualitative requirements related to the heavy use of the hauling vehicle axle. In addition, it is necessary to realise that forest stands are often located on terrain least appropriate for road construction. Some forest roads need to be operational all year round and their reinforcement design has to take this into account with aproposed surface layer that will satisfy this requirement. All in all, the construction and reinforcement of forest roads are loaded with high requirements. For this reason, besides the classical technologies of structural road layers for seasonal or all-year-round operation such as unbound mixtures and penetration macadam, other suitable technologies of reinforcement that will comply with the aforementioned requirements are sought after. One of them is fly ash suspension. This grouted constructional layer is used as a reinforcement layer for forest roads. This paper describes the development of reinforcement and construction of forest roads and provides the partial results of an experiment in which reinforcement was carried out using afly ash concrete suspension.
Keywords: forest road, bearing capacity, technologies, reinforcement
short communication
The Peruvian Partner of Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology MENDELU in Brno - Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva
Petr Kupec, Jan Deutscher
In frame of the The Education for Competitiveness Operational Programme (ECOP) project POPRAR - Support of practical designing competences in regional development, reg. proj. no. CZ.1.07/2.2.00/28.0303 which is held by the Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Landscape Management allows a group of students and academics to travel to Peru for one-month practical training two times a year. The main goal of those trainings is the practical projects’ designing and solution in a part of the world which is far from the standard students’ skills and experiences. Mentioned fact besides other things, should lead to strengthening their position on the labour market.
informational text
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